President McKinley at the Conference of Foreign Missions. The fallen man clasps the flag of the Philippine independence movement, inscribed with the words Give Us Liberty. His hat quotes the most famous phrase in the U.S. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside Having defeated China in 189495, Japan is presented by Columbia (the U.S.) to her closest ally, Britannia (Great Britain). Citing Primary Sources. This special issue illustrated by Thophile Steinlen comprises a particularly gruesome mural depicting the bloodshed of contemporary colonial wars in Turkey, China, and Africa. The boats crossing their chests, labeled Suez Canal and Managua Canal, show the importance of efficient naval and shipping routes through their distended realms. It is all too easy to assume that Americans, English, and others on the home front could not see what their nations were doing overseas. The Maine had been dispatched to Cuba to support an indigenous insurrection against Spain. The aggressive quest for new marketsChinas millions being the most covetedwas justified as part of the benevolent and inevitable spread of progress. Painting carried a portfolio inscribed Light. Anti-imperialist protesters were often feminized as weak nervous Nellies and, in a play on words, as aunties. Antiwar graphics, on the other hand, informed the public about the darker side of imperial campaigns. Includes bibliographical references and index. It was feared that the mystical rituals and xenophobic violence of the Yi He Tuan (Boxer) secret society would overwhelm Chinas ineffectual rulers, cast the country into chaos, and hinder the trade and profits anticipated by the great powers. (doi:10.1017/S0021875810000046). Keppler, Udo J., Artist. In the civilization narrative, barbarians were commonly identified as the non-Western, non-white, non-Christian natives of the less-developed nations of the world. | Illustration shows Britannia standing with an injured landowner and an African man, showing them a view of the future when "Enlightened Government" comes to South Africa after 1 print : chromolithograph. From the Cape to Cairo. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. Colonial success is equated with chivalry and invincibility., A Union in the Interest of Humanity Civilization. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, October 18, 1900. Think It Over. The British had just subdued the Dutch-descended Boers, in southern Africa. Ewart S. Grogan and Arthur H. Sharp. The U.S. must govern its new territories with or without their consent until they can govern themselves. Veneration of Britains treatment of colonies as a positive model attests to the significant shift in the American world view given U.S. origins in relation to the mother country. This was followed by the invasion and takeover of Puerto Rico. The image argues that a crisis point has been reached and the caption states, Some One Must Back Up., Some One Must Back Up. Victor Gillam,Judge, December 8, 1900. Location: Innovation Hall, 330 and online (see info below). 5 vols. , 1902. History of Animation in Egypt. Germanys Kaiser Wilhelm II appears as an anointed leader, his angel wings made of swords, astride a cannon dragged by clerics and missionaries toward foreign lands. Robert L. Gambone in his 2009 book, Life on the Press: The Popular Art and Illustrations of George Benjamin Luks, describes the cartoon as follows: The Way We Get Our War News (The Verdict, August 21, 1899, front cover) excoriates military press censorship, a supremely ironic development given the appeals to freedom used to justify the war. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut, states that progress must be pursued despite suffering on both sides. 1900. And they complain that drunken American soldiers insult the native women. Missionary zeal extends to a threat unfurled in a banner carried by the choir of women, Come and be saved; if you dont , The Advance Agent of Modern Civilization. Udo Keppler,Puck, January 12, 1898. Bickers, Robert A. and R. G. Tiedemann. 1345 (1902 December 10), centerfold. Their uniforms are oddly reminiscent of the Revolutionary War that had seen them as bitter adversaries a little more than a century earlier. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Columbia Studies in the Social Sciences (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955). [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. As the military governor until May 1900, Otis inflated Filipino atrocities and prevented journalists, Red Cross officials, and soldiers from reporting American atrocities, though ghastly accounts slipped through. Illustrated by A. D. McCormick, with fold-out color map. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. - Keppler, U. J. In the September 28, 1901 issue, artist Jean Veber excoriated the shameful subject of the concentration camps British forces used to weaken Boer resistance in the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902. In September 1901, the French artist Jean Veber used the pages of LAssiette au Beurre to call attention to one of the often-forgotten ironies of the mystique of the white mans burden. His cartoon, depicting a vast field of flat stone grave markers, carried the simple caption United Kingdom (Le Royaume-Uni). Title from item. The full sardonic irony of the rendering, however, resides in the dead occupants of the graves. Shortly after Kiplings poem appeared, the consistently anti-imperialist Life fired back with a decidedly different view of the white mans burden on its March 16, 1899 cover: a cartoon that showed the foreign powers riding on the backs of their colonial subjects. The title of the cartoon calls attention to the barbarous uses of much modern technology and so-called progress., les prisonniers bors ont t runis en de grands enclos o depuis 18 mois ils trouvent le repos et le calme. is the caption of a cartoon by Pucks Udo Keppler in which Confucius and Jesus Christ look down on the warring Boxers and missionaries. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside Scene The Congo Free State; artist: Linley Sambourne. All this for politicsis civilization advancing? Victor Gillam,Judge, February 3, 1900. John Bull Good 'evins! The War Prayer begins with a preacher praising the nations just and holy war, and leading his congregation in praying for victory. Weekly: https://gmu.zoom.us/meeting/tJYsf-6hpzooHtCcgUHFQlJ5Hy13bvsr3WDv/ics?icsToken=98tyKuCqrzMtE92Ush2DRowQBYqgKPPxmH5Bgrd-nxjQKwZibimjHvsTYbBpA8qD. While grading a final exam a professor discovers that two students have virtually identical answers. Cutting of Africa at the Berlin Conference published in LIllustration, January 1885. BritanniaDaughter! Imperialism--British--1900-1910, - War on Earth. Death to all Schools but Ours. The last marcher holds up Drummers Samples, referring to the traveling salesmen of business and commerce. Though black Africans did not fight in the war, over 100,000 were rounded up and confined in camps separate from the white internees. Initially, the camps were conceived as shelters for women and children war refugees. Britain leads the way in this harsh rendering, shouldering the burden of China, India, Egypt, and Soudan. The United States staggers behind carrying grotesque racist caricatures labeled Filipino, Porto Rico, Cuba, Samoa, and Hawaii.. In The Pigtail Has Got to Go, a white-robed goddess wears a star that radiates over a Chinese mandarin. New commodities also meant advances in weaponry that might give neighboring countriesin particular, Germanythe potential to strike Britain. In a run of 13 lithographs published in the July 4, 1900 issue of the French periodical LAssiette au Beurre, the cartoonist Ren Georges Hermann-Paul was especially incisive in calling attention to this grim reality. advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. He is Chief Correspondent of public radio's Biotech Nation, a commentator on NPR's Morning Edition, and a contributing editor and a columnist for Conde Nast Portfolio. If you dont do it I shall have to., The First Duty. By contrast, with the exception of Sudan, the burden Britain bears reflects backward older cultures that look forward to civilization or back, condescendingly, at those people, cultures, and societies deemed even closer than they to barbarism. Both visually and textually, the white mans burden was steeped in derision of non-white, non-Western, non-Christian others. Lifes satire of the white mans burden mystique offers a procession of the supporters of the new imperialism beginning with missionaries and ending with the traveling salesman. Rhodesia Railways. This military dimension of the multi-ethnic United Kingdom is often forgotten. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). In the final years of the Civil War, U.S. naval power was second only to the great seafaring empire of Great Britain. White man's burden--1900-1910, - On Chinas side, the Boxers were absorbed into the Qing government forces to fight the invaders. The words "Striding from Cape Town to Cairo . The British people had a long history of supporting imperial wars and as the conflict escalated, criticism in cartoon form declined and was supplanted by patriotic messages. The long text accompanying this grim illustration reads as follows: It appears that the Filipinos have lost confidence in Americans. In this activity, you will first analyze political cartoons about imperialism, and then create your own anti-imperialist cartoon. Backed by the formidable Royal Navy, Britain could maintain a policy of splendid isolation independent of European alliances for much of the century. Based on the image or your research, what historical event or imperialist practice is this referencing? The large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries is dotted with U.S. flags marking newly-acquired territories. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938). John Bull, whose portliness stood for prosperity, has joined with Uncle Sam to swallow the globe. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. Bello, Walden. From the Cape to Cairo. Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Source:Library of Congress, This rueful cartoon places Confucius and Jesus side-by-side and laments the failure of all parties to practice what they preach. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . A pair of 1898 graphics offer before and after snapshots related to two major events. 2. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. Titled Dream of the Empress of China, the dream is an obvious nightmare, as the sardonic sub-caption makes clear. In May 1900, for example, artist William Bengough scathingly debunked a speech by President McKinleyonce again justifying the U.S. actions in taking of the Philippines by forceby depicting him as a parson standing on the face of a dead Filipino. Civilization and trade went hand in hand in turn-of-the-century imperialism. Each sign is topped by the word Wanted and the goods listed include trolley lines, electric lights, water-works, sewers, paving, asphalt roads, watches, clocks, wagons, carriages, trucks, 100,000 bridges, 500,000 engines, 2 million cars, 4 million rails, 100,000 RR stations, cotton goods, telegraph, telephone, stoves, lamps, petroleum, medicines, chemicals, disinfectants, 50 million reaping machines, 100 million plows, and 50 million sewing machines. [MORE], The Middle East as Seen Through Foreign Eyes, This resource was created by scholars at the University of Chicago and funded by the. Civilization and progress are inseparable, a train and telegraph drawn in her robes. Allied troops departed Tianjin for Beijing on August 4. Close behind them lie corpses from the Franco-Prussian War, Russia and Turkey, Napoleon and Austria. Far off in the distance, with labels reading Roman Wars and Alexandria, the artists carries his viewers back to ancient times, when the civilization myth first emerged to mask the brutal realities of politically-motivated conflicts. Prints and Photographs division. All of the hastily organized camps, for whites and blacks alike, had inadequate accommodations, wretched sanitation, and unreliable food supplies, leading to tens of thousands of deaths from disease and starvation. In The Pigtail Has Got to Go, a white-robed goddess wears a star that radiates over a Chinese mandarin. 202-212 (September 2010). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Western missionaries had penetrated the interior, and the missions they established disrupted village traditions. Name: From the Cape to Cairo Material: Color offset lithograph Size: Unknown Date: 1898 Place of Origin: New York City Location: Unknown Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler John Woods Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago Alexander Barna The 1901 date indicates that the specific reference is to Allied reprisals against Chinese civilians following the Boxer Uprising. Oer The Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave? ***, Topic: History 125 Virtual Edition achievement, From the Cape to Cairo, published in 1900, not only chronicled the events of a harrowing two year walking tour of Africa, but also discussed many of the problems that confronted . Every week on Mon, Wed, until Dec 13, 2021, 33 occurrence(s), Join Zoom Meeting Other graphic techniques were used by cartoonists to communicate this message. These images are presented through a cooperative effort between the Library of Congress and Dickinson State University. The countries have been jumbled to align them with American or British imperialistic interests. In the rest of the continent, the Belgians brutally dealt with uprisings in the Congo; and the German government gobbled up what practically was the last "free" land for colonials in southwest Africa. The caption reference to harvest surely carried multiple meaning to many ofLifes American readers. The U.S. follows Britains imperial lead carrying people from Barbarism at the base of the hill to Civilization at its summit. The famous cartoon demonstrates Rhodes dream. How did the US attempt to justify Imperialism. At the same time, however, the suppression of The War Prayer helps highlight the courage and critical edge that many political cartoonists brought to the very same subject of spreading death and destruction in the name of civilization and progress. Lifes satire of the white mans burden mystique offers a procession of the supporters of the new imperialism beginning with missionaries and ending with the traveling salesman. Additional images from the issue depict barbaric behavior by the multinational force that intervened in China during the Boxer Uprising. Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." Whoever falls into your hands is forfeited. record ("About This Item") with your request. 62, Issue 4,pp. In the Rubber Coils. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as From the Cape to Cairo the first traverse of Africa from south to north by Ewart Scott Grogan. (ISSN 1961-9898). The Boer War Remembered.The Journal of Historical Review, Vol. The graphics protesting U.S. actions in the Philippines were particularly biting, as seen in a page satirically titled Lucky Filipinos. Rising from the flames of a burning home, a skeletal apparition represents the hundreds of thousands of Filipinos killed in the U.S. campaign. As the cartoon record of these turn-of-the-century years repeatedly demonstrates, moreover, it was taken for granted by the imperialists that the people on whom they were bestowing the light of civilization were literallyand often grotesquelyof various shades of darker complexion. The test of U.S. naval power came with the Spanish-American War. Civilization and barbarism were vividly portrayed in the visual record. ", From the Cape to Cairo. At the same time, Britain was fighting the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as Most viewers will probably agree that there is nothing really comparable in the contemporary world of political cartooning to the drafting skill and flamboyance of these single-panel graphics, which appeared in such popular periodicals as Puck and Judge. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. The wars undertaken in the name of Civilization and Progress were more savage, tortuous, and contradictory than is often recognized. Illus. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog such as microfilm or copy prints? Source:Bibliothque nationale de France. Source:Wikimedia. Model students Hawaii and Porto Rico appear as docile girls learning their lessons. And yet Uncle Sam is always giving money to save the Heathen. Samuel D. Ehrhart,Puck, September 8, 1897. As the American West was absorbed and the continent consolidated, the mandate of Manifest Destiny shifted from territorial to commercial expansion beyond contiguous borders. Whom or what did you include or leave out of the image? Vuitton Travel & Luxury Lifestyle curates the Great North Road tour, a 22-day trek starting in Cape Town, taking guests from one natural and historic wonder to the next, and ending up in Cairo . Many peasants vaguely suspected of being Boxers were executed. | Long May It Wave. The march of civilization against barbarism is a late-19th-century construct that cast imperialist wars as moral crusades. The banners of both side pronounce fidelity to the golden rule., Boxer banner (Chinese forces flags): Do not do unto others what you would not that others should do unto you. As a long-established world empire, Great Britain held sway over some 12 million square miles and a quarter of the worlds population. The cause of the explosion is still undetermined. the younger Keppler also contributed cartoons, and became co-owner of the magazine after his father's death, when he changed his name to Joseph Keppler. A number of critical cartoons of the time addressed the unsavory behavior of the civilizers themselves, and the disparity between doctrine and actions. David Ewing Duncan is the author of seven books including the worldwide bestseller Calendar. Nishi, Masao - Institut Mirovogo Khoziastva I Mirovo Politiki (Kommunisticheskaia Akademiia) - Varga, Eugen. John Bull and Uncle Sam lift the globe, turned toward Asia and the Pacific, to the heavens. The burgeoning mass media helped promote jingoistic foreign policies by printing disparaging depictions of barbarous-looking natives from countries benevolently assimilated by the U.S. A brash Uncle Sam was shown coming under the wing of the older, more experienced empire builder, John Bull. 14-27 (May-June 1999). a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. In addition, the U.S. ignored human rights violations in the use of concentration camps. Our Civilized Heathen. The Presidents Speech. William Bengough,Life, May 24, 1900. Misery Loves Company;but they hope soon to be out of it. Louis Dalrymple, Puck, March 20, 1901. Pro-imperialist cartoons often depicted the West as literally shining the light of civilization and progress on barbaric peoples. J. Ottman Lithographic Company, Printer, and Udo J Keppler. Nishi, Masao - Institut Mirovogo Khoziastva I Mirovo Politiki (Kommunisticheskaia Akademiia) - Varga, Eugen. The anti-imperialist Life magazine was similarly attuned to the hypocrisy of cloaking military violence in pious rhetoric. World powers competing for spheres of influence within her borders had grown ever bolder in their demands as the Qing rulers appeared increasingly weak. But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are! Louis Dalrymple,Puck, January 25, 1899. LC copy from Naimusho Keihokyoku censorship collection; classified as "annei" and banned. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (2014). He talks to each student separately and tells them that he is sure that they shared answers, but he cannot be sure who copied from whom. Our Civilized Heathen asks what is civilized and who are the heathen. [p. 199], The Way We Get the War News. The Philippines are diminished as Only the Stepping-Stone that enables the U.S. to reach the eagerly anticipated China market. Cartoonist Victor Gillam turns the tables on American missionary zeal and moral imperative to save the heathen by showing how the Chinese might view the foreign devils in vignettes of ignorance, racism, and extreme violence in the United States. Declaration of Independence:Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. Now clad in armor and carrying a spear, she threatens to intervene to stop the anti-foreign, anti-Christian acts of anarchy, murder, and riot that have spread to Beijing. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Orig. The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study(London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003).

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